First ethiopian dam on akaki river 1932 6 megawatt. Kefale alemu on river nileabay and the fascinating. The literature indicates that approximately 40 percent of the worlds. It rises near lalibela, ethiopia, and flows north and then west, where it serves as part of the border between ethiopia and eritrea, to enter sudan. Not one of the streams fail of coming hither at last a history of the work of redemption, 520, paragraphing mine. The egyptian and sudanese governments denied the reports. Tekeze river, major tributary of the atbara river, itself a tributary of the nile. This data is compiled from public records available through out the international media outlets. The river reemerges from lake albert as the albert nile and journeys northwards to nimule near the south sudanuganda border.
The blue nile contributes almost 59% of the niles stream flow and also supports the livelihood of communities living along its banks. Blue nile is the longest river in the world and is known as abay and gion in ethiopia. It was regarded as the true source of the nile for a long time and the jesuit priest pedro paez visited it in 1618. These distributaries flow into the mediterranean sea okidi, 1982. Ethiopias hydroelectric power through the past 70 years. It is widely believed the river consisted of two parts originally though the location of these two parts is as well different according to these two theories. River of history metropolitan area now included in the mississippi national river and recreation area. History of the abay nile source encyclopedia brittanica. The yellow nile is a former tributary that connected the ouaddai highlands of eastern chad to the nile river valley c. The nile river basin the 6850km long nile is the worlds longest river, and flows from south to north with a catchment basin covering approximately 10% of the african continent exhibit 1.
Chapter 2 provides a short historical introduction to the ethiopian orthodox church, with a particular emphasis on water. Gish abay is also considered a sacred place for being the source of the abay river, also called felege ghion in geez. During the prechristianity era mertule mariam and gish abay in the eastern and central parts of gojjam, respectively were places of worship. Chapter 3 presents in historical context new ethnographic evidence on the source of the blue nile gish abay before following the river to tis abay, the spectacular waterfalls. The nile river basin is immense and occupies an area about onetenth of the continent of africa. The grand renaissance dam why egypt will go to war. Youth when it first starts out, a river is still small and narrow, a mountain spring whose waters run quickly downwards towards the valley. Ethiopia has the potential to produce more than 45,000 megawatts of electricity from hydro power. The mighty waters of the nile, are under threat from climate change and booming population growth.
Michael menna, do, is a boardcertified, active attending emergency medicine physician at white plains hospital in white plains, new york. Us 2 bglobal journal of human social science y ear 201 ater in the blue nile gorge for hydropower generation according to kenawy 20, the issue of the nile water e conflict that was raised between egypt and. The source of the blue nile is a spring called gish abay in ethiopia. Ethiopias hydroelectric power through the past 70 years and now.
Resources evaluation, resource management, hydropolitics and legal issues, prepared for publication for a conference held in london at the royal geographic society and school of oriental and african studies, university of london. Downriver egypt and sudan argue that they have historic rights to the water upon which they absolutely dependand in 1979 egyptian president anwar sadat threatened war on violators of what he saw as his countrys rights to. List of rivers of ethiopia simple english wikipedia, the. More than 85% of the nile waters sources from ethiopia. The blue nile river starts from ethiopias lake tana and merges with the smaller tributory white nile at khartoum sudan to form the nile river. The minamata disaster and the disease that followed.
Lets see the historical and present electrical power development in ethiopia. Perspectives of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam gerd 2017 global journals inc. Ghion is believed to be the biblical name of abay river that is mentioned in the book of genesis as one of the four rivers, which flows out of aden and encompasses the land of ethiopia. After 11 years of construction, the aswan high dam across the nile river in egypt is completed on july 21, 1970. The ancient history of gojjam is mostly associated with religion. Jul 27, 2019 after 11 years of construction, the aswan high dam across the nile river in egypt is completed on july 21, 1970. Rising in the mountains of gojjam, it flows northward to empty into southwestern lake tana at coordinatestributaries of the lesser abbay include the ashar, jamma, kelti and the koger.
Ethiopia is researching other sources of energy like wind and geothermal. The people and government of ethiopia are funding the project, which will not only serve ethiopia, but sudan and egypt as well. The river then flows north through lake nasser and the aswan dam before splitting into major distributaries, the rosetta and damietta, just north of cairo. The abay basin consists of paleozoic and mesozoic sedimentary succession exceeding 2000 m, which are represented by preadigrat clastics, equivalent to the karoo system in the ogaden, the antalo limestone, and the amba aradom formation t he upper sandstone. Specifically,the book elaborates the history,and the major current and future challenges and opportunities,of the nile river basin.
In the fall of 2012 newspapers around the world reported on a wikileaks document, surreptitiously acquired from stratfor, the texas security company, revealing egyptian and sudanese plans to build an airstrip for bombing a dam in the blue nile river gorge in ethiopia. Mary kugler, rn, is a pediatric nurse whose specialty is caring for children with longterm or severe medical problems. This 72milelong, national park service corridor extends from the confluence of the crow and mississippi rivers at dayton and ramsey, south to the vermillion river bottoms in ravenna township, just below hastings figure 2. It is often torrential, that is to say its rate of flow. Historical and natural ownership rights of abay nile river. It joins the atbara river 35 miles 55 km northwest of gedaref, sudan. Rising in the mountains of gojjam, it flows northward to empty into southwestern lake tana at 1148. This is the source of gilgal abay meaning the little abay, which is the most voluminous of the some sixty rivers flowing into lake tana. The abay river basin is the largest basin in terms of hydropower potential site estimated about 79000 gwhyr which cover about 49% of all river basins. We are here to lead the way to financial empowerment. The development of the basins can be thought of as relating to the polyphase breakup of gondwanaland, which was accomplished, in general by. The latter two countries depend on the nile river for their water although 85% of the river flows in ethiopia.
By the same token, abay bank aspires to be an engine of growth and development in the financial sector for the farmers, business men and other customers. It flows northward from the lakes of central africa to the mediterranean sea. There are also agreements concerning the uses of the white nile in all its tributaries. Gojjam project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. The land here is sloping, often steep, and does not allow the river to create an alternative course. Initially, it was established by 486 founder shareholders with a paidup capital of birr 24. The first theory is that the lower nile had its source at about latitude 20 n, flowing. In the mid1950s, the people of minamata, japan began to. Pdf the river nile is by many seen as the most important river in the world. The gihon is mentioned as one of four rivers along with the tigris, euphrates, and pishon issuing out of the garden of eden that branched from a single river within the garden. The potential for small scale hydropower lies in western and southwestern ethiopia, where annual rainfall ranges from 300 mm to over 900 mm especially in omo gihbe basin and abay basin. Hydrologic impacts of landuse change in the upper gilgel abay river basin, ethiopia. The blue nile supplies about 80% of the water in the nile during. The nile 275 the uplifted terrains of the western rift form the watershed with the eastern headwaters of the congo river figure.
This is the source of gilgal abay meaning the little abay, which is the most voluminous. The blue nile has a total length of 901 miles from its source to its confluence, of which 500 miles is in ethiopia. Again, abay blue nile carries tons of trillion fertile soil from ethiopian highlands each year, and egypt must pay for reforestation to keep the life of a river vigorous. Agreements and historical rights in the nile egypt independent. Enjoy gojam, the magnificent gorges of abay nile river, its fauna and flora of ethiopia. Tributaries of the lesser abbay include the ashar, jamma, kelti and the koger. The development of the basins can be thought of as relating to the polyphase breakup. Journal of languages and culture academic journals home. The nile rivers basin spans across the countries of egypt, sudan, south sudan, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, the democratic republic of the congo, burundi, rwanda, uganda, and tanzania.
Abay river, ethiopians jewel, has the potential of being the major catalyst for growth and development. Ghion is believed to be the biblical name of the abay river that is mentioned in the book of genesis as one of the four rivers which flow out of eden and encompasses the land of ethiopia. Whether or not there were such plans in 2012, there. The white nile, which is the longer of the two, begins at lake victoria in tanzania. Implementation of iwrm in awash river basin, 2016 the water of awash basin, a future challenge, ilri, no date assessment of water governance capacity, awash basin, 20. Ethiopia, the only independent country where over eighty percent of water generates, and about fifteen percent water contributors of african countries were all absent when. The river nile is by many seen as the most important river in the world.
Along its course, the river forms the blue nile falls near tisabay town. Nov 20, 2017 in the beginning there were agreements regarding the eastern nile, which stems from the ethiopian highlands primarily the blue nile, to the abay river, the atbarah river, and the gash river. This paper deals with the destruction of oromo indigenous practices under gojjame rule. The blue nile, locally known as abbay, is the major tributory of the great nile river the longest river in the world. However, the nile carries less water than many other rivers because it flows through the sahara desert in the north. Status and prospects for tourism engdu gebrewold weldesenbet. It was licensed on november 10, 1994, and started banking operations on february, 1995.
It analyses the basin characteristics using statistical data and modern tools such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. With the white nile, it is one of the two major tributaries of the nile. It includes portions of tanzania, burundi, rwanda, zaire, kenya, uganda, ethiopia, the sudan, and egypt. Along with tana qirqos in lake tana, axum tsion in tigray, and tadbaba maryam in wollo province, mertule mariam was a place where animal sacrifices. The author of genesis describes gihon as encircling the entire land of cush, a name associated with ethiopia elsewhere in the bible.
The worlds longest river, flows from lake tana in ethiopia, through sudan and into egypt and is. Hydrologic impacts of landuse change in the upper gilgel. This is the reason that ethiopians have long identified the gihon giyon with the abay river, which encircles the former kingdom of gojjam. The blue nile flows from lake tana to the western part of ethiopia and into the northwest of sudan. Abay river adabay river akaki river akobo river alero river angereb river ataba river ataye river atbarah river awash river awetu river ayesha river balagas river baro river bashilo river beles river bilate river birbir river blue nile borkana river.
In the beginning there were agreements regarding the eastern nile, which stems from the ethiopian highlands primarily the blue nile, to the abay river, the atbarah river, and the gash river. Although there are several feeder streams that flow into lake tana, the sacred source of the river is generally considered to be a small spring at gish abay, situated at an. The wadi passes through gharb darfur near the northern border with chad and meets up with the nile near the southern point of the great bend. Grand ethiopian renaissance dam project, benishangulgumuz. Gish abay is also considered as a sacred place for being the source of abay river, also called felege ghion in geez. First, this quotation confirms the two motifs in edwards view of history. Technoeconomic feasibility of small scale hydropower in. Nov 18, 2019 enjoy gojam, the magnificent gorges of abay nile river, its fauna and flora of ethiopia. The river spreads across 10 countries with an area of 3.
The grand ethiopian renaissance dam project is expected to be completed by july 2017. Nile river there are two theories as to how the abay came to be. Whether or not there were such plans in 2012, there is a long history of threats and conflicts in the nile river basin. Gedef2 1the nordic africa institute, uppsala, sweden 2department of archaeology, history, cultural studies and religion, university of bergen, norway abstract the river nile is by many seen as the most important river in the world. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. The year 1870s was a turning point in the history of the oromo of abbay choman in particular and horro guduru in general because it was a period when gadaa system with indigenous practice starts being destructed. Hydrologic impacts of landuse change in the upper gilgel abay. A content analysis of amharic songs on nile river berhanu engidaw getahun 93 p a g e in ethiopia, the blue nile is called with a different name, abay which means grand or great. The power of the blue nile may best be appreciated at the blue nile falls, which are 45 metres 148 ft high, located about 40 kilometres 25 mi downstream of lake tana. Gihon is the name of the second river mentioned in the second chapter of the biblical book of genesis.
Along its course, the river forms the blue nile falls near tis abay town. It rises south of the equator and flows northward through northeastern africa to drain into the mediterranean sea. Uganda, eritrea, ethiopia, the sudan, and egypt before reaching the mediterranean, and is the longest international river system in the world see map. The source of the blue nile is a spring called gish abay in ethiopia find, read and cite all the research you.
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